Fig. 3: Population genetic structure of 16 Drosophila melanogaster populations from China based on 15 microsatellite loci.

a Genetic structure inferred from STRUCTURE and b DAPC analysis. The optimal number of clusters for the STRUCTURE analysis was five; K = 3, 4, 5, and 6 are presented (a) with populations arranged from west to east. DAPC analysis shows LNHL, XJKL, GDGZ, and NMHB to be outlier populations (b).