Fig. 2: Pedigree of reproducing German wolves in the monitoring period 2005–2015 reconstructed from a combination of microsatellite, mtDNA and field data. | Heredity

Fig. 2: Pedigree of reproducing German wolves in the monitoring period 2005–2015 reconstructed from a combination of microsatellite, mtDNA and field data.

From: How the west was won: genetic reconstruction of rapid wolf recolonization into Germany’s anthropogenic landscapes

Fig. 2: Pedigree of reproducing German wolves in the monitoring period 2005–2015 reconstructed from a combination of microsatellite, mtDNA and field data.

Bold black lines symbolize successful reproductions between female (circles) and male (squares) wolves, double bold black lines highlight breeding of full-siblings, while thin black lines indicate parent–offspring relationships. Four individuals are illustrated twice (arrow with dashed grey line). Individuals with known source pack carrying haplotype HW01 (unfilled), individuals with unknown source pack carrying HW01 (filled with black) and individuals with unknown source pack carrying haplotype HW02 (filled with dark grey). Individuals found dead are crossed out. Individuals with missing genotype are indicated in light grey with Roman numerals. Breeding pairs in which both breeders were not genotyped are not depicted. Framed with a grey dotted line are the first (GW023f and I from 2000 to 2001) and the second breeding pair (GW023f and GW064m from 2002 to 2004) in the Muskauer Heide (MH), which are not included in the further analyses on trends of genetic diversity and inbreeding of breeding pairs until 2015 (see ‘Materials and Methods’).

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