Fig. 2: Reproduction of crossed Lysiphlebus fabarum populations on Hamiltonella-protected aphids.

A Female offspring numbers produced by the four different crosses between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) L. fabarum wasps on H+ aphids. Numbers of offspring correspond to the reproduction of a male and a female wasp that were given 24 h to reproduce on a H+ aphid colony. Letters indicate significant differences assessed by Mann–Whitney U tests (RR × R vs RR × S: U = 200, n1 = 23, n2 = 21, P = 0.32; RR × R vs SS × R: U = 59.5, n1 = 23, n2 = 18, P < 0.001; RR × R vs SS × S: U = 63, n1 = 23, n2 = 17, P < 0.001; RR × S vs SS × R: U = 68, n1 = 21, n2 = 18, P < 0.001; RR × S vs SS × S: U = 72, n1 = 21, n2 = 17, P < 0.001). B Comparison of offspring sex ratio between the two successful crosses. The stacked plot represent mean ± SEM number of offspring individuals emerging per cross. GLM with quasibinomial error distribution and dispersion parameter taken to be 3.607 revealed no significant (NS) difference between sex ratios.