Table 2 Summary of Mantel tests, MRM, and RDAs on three spatial scales for examining the effect of space and water temperature on genetic differentiation (FST).

From: A strategic sampling design revealed the local genetic structure of cold-water fluvial sculpin: a focus on groundwater-dependent water temperature heterogeneity

Explanatory matrices

All

20 populations

Upstream

12 populations

Structured

9 populations

Mantel test (r2)

  Water temperature

0.010a (p = 0.56)

0.023a (p = 0.53)

0.000 (p = 0.94)

  Geographic distance

0.072 (p < 0.05)

0.074 (p = 0.24)

0.298 (p < 0.05)

MRM (R2)

  Water temperature + Geographic distance

0.087 (p = 0.13)

0.116 (p = 0.32)

0.304 (p < 0.05)

RDA (Radj2)

  Water temperature

−0.017 (p = 0.51)

−0.073 (p = 0.92)

−0.083 (p = 0.69)

  Geographic distance (MEMs)

0.609 (p < 0.01)

0.374 (p < 0.001)

0.486 (p < 0.05)

  1. Mantel r values were squared to compare MRM R2 values. Radj2 values can take negative values when the relation is very small. P values were obtained by two-tailed tests. Upstream 12 populations, Pop1-12; Structured 9 populations, Pop4-12.
  2. aOriginal r values were negative.
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