Fig. 1: Effects of progeny-skew and background selection on the inference of demography and the DFE, using the DFE-alpha approach (Keightley and Eyre-Walker 2007).

The left panels show the inference of the DFE while the right panels show the inference of fold-change in population size. Inference is shown when 30% of new mutations are neutral, and the remainder are: (A) weakly deleterious, (B) moderately deleterious, and (C) strongly deleterious. Estimates are shown only for the selected classes. Black bars depict true values, gray bars show inference in the absence of progeny skew (thus no violation of the assumption), and the blue bars correspond to populations with levels of progeny skew characterized by ψ = 0.075 (light blue) and ψ = 0.15 (dark blue).