Table 2 Summary of the phenotypic variabilities of the NILs and parental lines across two environments E1 (BC₂F₅) and E2 (BC₂F₆) after foreground selection of Sec-1⁻ and Glu-B3⁺ loci and background selection of recurrent parents PBW550 and DBW17.

Trait	Env	PBW550	DBW17	Pavon40:9	Pavon44.38	Range	Mean	StdDev	Skewness	Kurtosis
PH	E1	84.18	77.36	66.25	79.91	35.37–113.66	78.71	13.69	0.03	0.29
	E2	86.92	80.99	72.09	81.98	39.13–122.18	78.97	17.13	0.15	0.03
SL	E1	10.24	9.64	10.15	10.00	9.57–13.68	10.45	0.48	2.68	14.20
	E2	11.24	11.83	11.63	12.80	8.91–12.99	11.07	0.90	0.16	−0.42
SN	E1	20.35	21.38	19.83	20.64	19.34–24.64	21.14	0.75	0.57	1.91
	E2	20.25	21.10	19.40	18.12	18.97–24.94	21.35	1.05	0.65	0.61
TNpM	E1	96.49	106.20	107.82	87.75	58.31–164.65	101.72	17.07	0.38	0.56
	E2	105.84	114.58	112.32	104.54	50.79–169.87	110.86	28.61	0.08	−0.79
TGW	E1	43.00	39.77	31.98	39.82	30.53–48.02	37.72	3.63	0.24	−0.41
	E2	40.16	37.86	37.53	38.04	28.38–48.51	36.84	4.78	0.56	−0.92
YD	E1	409.80	419.96	410.73	360.56	108.38–568.60	353.62	86.40	0.11	−0.30
	E2	402.25	347.45	421.60	441.05	83.67–554.56	283.91	92.27	0.11	−0.03
HI	E1	0.40	0.41	0.41	0.30	0.19–0.63	0.36	0.07	0.41	1.10
	E2	0.47	0.38	0.40	0.32	0.11–0.62	0.29	0.09	0.93	1.88

PH Plant height, SL Spike length, SN spikelet no. per spike, TNpM tiller number per meter, TGW thousand grain weight, YD yield per plot, HI harvest index.

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