Fig. 2: Identification of the sex determination system of Salix triandra.

a Results of genome wide association studies (GWAS) between SNPs and the sexes of 39 individuals. The y axis is the negative logarithm of p values, and the red line shows the Bonferroni-corrected significance level corresponding to α < 0.05. b Plot for GWAS p-values of all SNPs of chromosome 15Z. Red dots show significantly sex-associated SNPs. c FST values between the sexes for 100-kb overlapping windows of chromosome 15Z with 10-kb steps. Red lines represent significant regions on chromosome 15Z suggested by changepoint analysis. d The positions of the PAR1, S-LR and PAR2 regions of chromosome 15Z.