Fig. 1: Marginal means of the alternative variance ratios extracted from a generalized quasi-binomial mixed-effects model.

Variance ratios are: Va:Vp = additive genetic variance ratio, Ve:Vp = environmental (residual) variance ratio, Vpat:Vp = paternal variance ratio, Vm:Vp = maternal variance ratio, Vd:Vp = dominance variance ratio, Vk:Vp = epistatic variance ratio. Black dots represent a marginal mean and bars represent their standard errors.