Fig. 1: Location of the three common gardens and the 33 populations used in the study.

The colors represent the gradients of mean coldest month temperature (MCMT) and summer (May-September) precipitation (SP) over the period 1901-1950 within the maritime pine range. These gradients were obtained by performing a centered and scaled principal component analysis on the MCMT and SP values. The maritime pine distribution combines the EUFORGEN distribution (http://www.euforgen.org/) and 10-km radius areas around the National Forest Inventory plots with this species.