Fig. 5: The effective population size and number of migrants per generation in the three island groups are denoted by circles and arrows, respectively, in the best scenario (isolation with migration, IM).

The sizes of the circles and arrows are proportional to the value of the posterior mode of the parameter. The effective population sizes were at T2 and T0. Numbers indicate posterior mode with 95% highest posterior density. Direction of migration is forward in time. Photographs were obtained for each representative population. M, Daphniphyllum macropodum var. macropodum; HS and HN, southern and northern D. macropodum var. humile, respectively.