Fig. 2: Genealogy of the Alto Minho wolves. | Heredity

Fig. 2: Genealogy of the Alto Minho wolves.

From: Relatedness-based mate choice and female philopatry: inbreeding trends of wolf packs in a human-dominated landscape

Fig. 2

Horizontal lines connect breeding pairs, with the years of the pair’s bond shown above the line. Vertical lines indicate individuals’ ancestry. The number of non-breeding offspring is indicated for each breeding pair. Packs are represented in different colours (Vez: green; Arga: light brown; Peneda: yellow; Cruz Vermelha: red; Boulhosa: violet; Soajo: blue). Individuals with unknown ancestry are depicted in grey. Each icon represents a breeding individual. Squares denote males, and circles denote females. The icon’s fill colour indicates the natal pack, whereas the outline colour represents the breeding pack. ID letters correspond to the natal pack name or where the individual has always been sampled. Asterisks denote the inbred pair bonds.

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