Table 1 Examples of trait developments via genome editing in wheat.

Target gene	Trait	Nucleases	Edit	Wheat genotype	Reference
TaGW2 ^ax	Grain weight	cas9	Knockout	Kenong 199, YZ814, Bobwhite	(Liang et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2018)
TaGASR7 ^b	Grain length	nCas9 (H840A)	Prime editing	Kenong 199	(K. Wang et al. 2018a)
aEDR1 ^cx	Powdery mildew	Cas9	Knockout	Kenong 199	(Y. Zhang et al. 2017)
TaMLO-A1 ^ax	Powdery mildew	Cas9	Knockout	Bobwhite & Kenong 199	(Wang et al. 2014)
TaHRC ^ax	Fusarium graminearum	Cas9	knockout	Bobwhite	(Su et al. 2019)
TaLpx-1 ^ax	Fusarium graminearum	Cas9	knockout	Bobwhite	(Wang et al. 2018)
TaNFXL1 ^bz	Fusarium graminearum	Cas9	knockout	Fielder	(Cui et al. 2019)
EPSPS ^bw	Herbicide resistance	Cas9	Knockout	Fielder	(Arndell et al. 2019)
TaPDS ^ay	Carotenoid biosynthesis pathway	Cas9, dCas9	Knockout, base editing	Fielder	(Howells et al. 2018)
TaLOX2 ^ax	Seed longevity and viability	nCas9-D10A/dCas9	base editing	Bobwhite	(Zong et al. 2017)
TaSBEIIa ^ax	High amylose content	Cas9	knockout	Bobwhite & Zhengmai 7698	(Li et al. 2021)
TaMs1 ^ax	Male sterility	Cas9	knockout	Fielder & Gladius	(Tucker et al. 2017)
TaCENH3a ^ax	High haploid induction rate	Cas9	knockout	Fielder	(Lv et al. 2020)
TaZIP4 ^ay	Increased crossover frequency	Cas9	knockout	Fielder	(Rey et al. 2018)
α-gliadin ^bw	Low-gluten	Cas9	knockout	Bobwhite	(Sánchez-León et al. 2018)

Explant: ‘a’ immature explant, and ‘b’ protoplast transfection; Method: ‘x’, Biolistic transformation, ‘y’, agrobacterium, ‘z’ Microprojectile bombardment, ‘w’ Protoplast transformation.

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