Fig. 1: Wild C. elegans isolates display natural variation in sensitivity to pesticidal chemicals.
From: A proof-of-concept experimental-theoretical model to predict pesticide resistance evolution

A panel of 25 wild C. elegans isolates from geographically distant sites were selected. Ten synchronised L1 worms were incubated with 28 different pesticidal compounds at industry-relevant concentrations. On day 4, visual inspection was conducted to determine the sensitivity of the nematode isolate to the chemical compound, with possible values ranging from 1 (lethal) to 4 (unaffected). Compounds annotated with (*) were applied at a concentration of 5 parts per million, with the remaining compounds applied at 50 parts per million. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Benjamini-Hochberg correction was conducted in GraphPad Prism to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between mean isolate sensitivities to each compound (**** = p < 0.0001, *** = p < 0.001, ** = p < 0.01, * = p < 0.05, ns = p > 0.05). The heatmap displays the mean of 3 biological replicates.