Fig. 3: Phylogenetic and population genomic analyses of cucumber accessions.

a Rooted maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the 1234 cucumber accessions constructed using GBS-SNPs. PI 618817, C. myriocarpus, and PI 282446, C. heptadactylus were used as the outgroup. An enlarged version of the tree with searchable accession names is provided as Supplementary File 1 in pdf format. b Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 1234 cucumber accessions. The first two PCs explain about 20% of variance, with PC1 and PC2 explaining 10.80% and 8.99%, respectively. c Plot of ΔK values with K from 2 to 19 in the STRUCTURE analysis. d Population structure analysis of cucumber accessions with K from 2 and 4. Each accession is represented by a vertical bar. Each color represents one ancestral population, and the length of each colored segment in each vertical bar represents the proportion contributed by ancestral populations