Fig. 1: Resistance evaluation of apple germplasms to Glomerella leaf spot and small RNA sequencing of the leaves of susceptible ‘Golden Delicious’.

a The incidence index of apple germplasms. The first 10 were tissue-cultured (TC), and the last 20 were field-grown (FG). b Symptoms of the leaves of susceptible (upper) and resistant (lower) apple germplasms after inoculation with the W2 strain of G. cingulata. Bar = 0.5 cm