Fig. 2: Overexpression of IbPSS1 using the root transgenic system decreases Na⁺ accumulation in salinized sweet potato (Xu 29) roots.

a Pipeline of the A. rhizogenes-mediated in vivo root transgenic system. TRs: transgenic roots; ARs: adventitious roots. b Schematic of pUBI.U4::IbPSS1-CaMV35S::DsRed expression cassette, representative images of the TRs and ARs in the same seedling and the induction rate of TRs for this construct. c Relative expression level of IbPSS1 in the TRs and ARs with or without NaCl treatment (200 mM for 24 h). d Na⁺ accumulation in the elongation zones of the TRs and ARs. A typical image (n = 15 from three experiments) is shown. Bar = 0.3 mm. e Quantification of Na⁺ fluorescence intensity. The columns labeled with “***” indicate significant differences at P < 0.001.