Fig. 3: Overexpression of IbPSS1 in sweet potato roots enhances NaCl-induced Na⁺/H⁺ antiport activity.

a, c Net Na⁺ and H⁺ fluxes in the ARs and TRs measured by NMT. The steady-state Na⁺ and H⁺ fluxes were measured from the elongation (1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 mm from the tip) and mature root zones (10, 12, and 15 mm from the tip) after 24 h of NaCl treatment (200 mM). n > 20 from ten individual seedlings. The standard errors of the means are represented by the bars. b, d Mean net Na⁺ efflux and net H⁺ influx rates in (a) and (b), respectively. The columns labeled with “**” and “***” indicate significant differences between the AR and TR groups at P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively.