Fig. 3: Lignin accumulation during sun damage development in apple fruit. | Horticulture Research

Fig. 3: Lignin accumulation during sun damage development in apple fruit.

From: Photooxidative stress activates a complex multigenic response integrating the phenylpropanoid pathway and ethylene, leading to lignin accumulation in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit

Fig. 3

Representative apple fruit sections after sun exposure observed under a light microscope in Fuji (a–c) and Royal Gala (d–f) apples after 160 and 120 DAFB, respectively. Non-Exp: nonexposed fruit (a, d); Exp: exposed fruit without sun damage (b, e); Sev: exposed fruit with severe sun damage (c, f). Fruit slices were stained with phloroglucinol-HCl solution (48 h) to show progressive lignin accumulation. Bars = 10 µm. Lignin content analysis in apple fruit after sun exposure. Lignin was quantified in the skin (g) and flesh (h) tissues of Fuji apples and in the skin (i) and flesh (j) tissues of Royal Gala apples. Data correspond to the mean ± SE of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05; two-way ANOVA)

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