Fig. 4: Relative expression of the CaNHL1, CaNHL4, CaNHL6, CaNHL10, CaNHL11, and CaNHL12 genes in pepper leaves after MeJA and MeSA treatments.

a–f Expression level of CaNHL1, CaNHL4, CaNHL6, CaNHL10, CaNHL11, and CaNHL12 at 3, 6, 12 h after MeJA treatment. g–l Expression level of the above-mentioned CaNHL genes at the 3, 6, 12 h time points after MeSA treatment. The values represent the means ± standard errors (SEs) of three biological replications. The statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-test (∗0.01 < P < 0.05; ∗∗0.001 < P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001). “Mock” indicates plants without MeJA or MeSA treatment.