Fig. 4: Thermotolerance assay in lily and transgenic Arabidopsis lines.

a The expression of LlWRKY39 in transient-overexpressing lily. b Relative ion leakage (%) of lily leaves under RT and HS (42 °C, 2 h). Each bar indicates the mean ± SD of three repeated experiments (t test, *P < 0.05). c Phenotypes of one-week-old seedlings before exposure to HS. d Phenotypes of one-week-old seedlings after the BT test. left: schematic representations of BT; right: survival rate of BT. e Phenotypes of one-week-old seedlings after the AT test. left: schematic representations of AT; right: survival rate of AT. A bar shows the mean of three independent experiments (*P < 0.05, t test). f Relative expression levels of HS-inducible genes in the transgenic plants. Each bar indicates the mean ± SD of three repeated experiments. Significant differences are indicated by t test (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01)