Fig. 5: Expression analysis of genes involved in major active compound biosynthesis.

a Anthraquinone and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. b Polysaccharide biosynthesis pathway. c Part of the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. Various color blocks represent the normalized gene expression levels of all genes encoding in different tissues. Heat maps of these genes were plotted using the pheatmap package. Red dots represent gene family expansion in M. officinalis