Fig. 4: Rosa rugosa experienced only the core eudicot-specific gamma whole-genome triplication, with no recent polyploidization.

A Ks distribution of R. rugosa paralogs. B Ks distribution of R. chinensis paralogs. C Ks distribution of P. persica paralogs. D Cross-species comparison using several eudicots, including grape (V. vinifera), R. rugosa, R. chinensis, strawberry (F. vesca), and peach (P. persica). The red lines indicate genomic shuffling across these Rosaceae species using grapes as an outgroup