Table 4 Association between food group intake and urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio in type 2 diabetes patients (n = 243)

From: Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

Food group intake (g/1000 kcal)

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysisa

 
 

r

P

Adjusted β

95% CI (lower to upper)

P

Cereal

0.180

0.005

0.140

0.000 to 0.005

0.038

 Rice

0.086

0.180

0.071

−0.001 to 0.004

0.288

 Noodleb

0.232

<0.001

0.160

0.001 to 0.014

0.017

Potatoes

0.010

0.874

−0.024

−0.010 to 0.007

0.720

Pulses

−0.146

0.023

−0.117

−0.012 to 0.001

0.088

Fish and shellfish

−0.021

0.741

−0.030

−0.009 to 0.006

0.673

Meat

0.111

0.085

0.136

0.000 to 0.017

0.046

 Non-processed meatc

0.067

0.301

0.096

−0.003 to 0.016

0.163

 Processed meat

0.118

0.065

0.144

0.003 to 0.063

0.034

Eggs

−0.057

0.380

−0.045

−0.014 to 0.007

0.489

Dairy products

−0.164

0.010

−0.152

−0.006 to 0.000

0.028

Green and yellow vegetables

−0.213

0.001

−0.143

−0.009 to 0.000

0.039

Other vegetables

−0.127

0.049

−0.083

−0.005 to 0.001

0.233

 Picklesd

0.079

0.223

0.002

−0.022 to 0.023

0.982

Fruits

−0.211

0.001

−0.121

−0.006 to 0.000

0.077

Seasonings and spices

0.245

<0.001

0.192

0.001 to 0.006

0.003

  1. BMI body mass index, Hb hemoglobin
  2. aMultivariate analysis was adjusted for age, male sex, current smoking, diabetes duration, high BMI (≥25 kg/m2), high systolic blood pressure (≥140 mmHg), HbA1c, diabetic nephropathy stage, medication of oral hypoglycemic agents, antihypertensive agents and antidyslipidemic agents, and energy intake
  3. bNoodle contained buckwheat noodle, wheat noodle, and ramen
  4. cNon-processed meat contained non-processed poultry, pork, and beef
  5. dPickles contained green-leaf pickles and other pickles
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