Table 2 Age-stratified and overall prevalence (with 95% confidence interval) of hypertension among US adults (aged ≥20 years) per background characteristics, NHANES 2011–2016

From: Age-stratified prevalence, treatment status, and associated factors of hypertension among US adults following application of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline

Characteristics

Stratification by age (in years)

Among all age groups (n=8251/16,103)

20–34 (n=722/4093)

35–49 (n=1654/4024)

50–64 (n=2789/4198)

≥65 (n=3086/3788)

Gender

  Male

24.0 (21.5–26.6)

44.5 (41.2–47.9)

65.2 (61.9–68.3)

74.5 (70.6–78.1)

49.5 (47.5–51.4)

  Female

10.8 (9.0–12.8)

34.3 (31.7–36.9)

59.7 (55.9–63.4)

80.1 (77.5–82.4)

44.4 (42.7–46.1)

Race

  Non-Hispanic White

17.3 (15.0–19.8)

38.3 (35.0–41.7)

60.2 (56.9–63.4)

75.8 (73.1–78.4)

48.2 (46.3–50.1)

  Non-Hispanic Black

23.7 (20.5–27.2)

53.8 (50.3–57.2)

78.0 (75.2–80.5)

89.7 (87.3–91.7)

55.7 (53.9–57.5)

  Mexican-American

15.3 (12.6–18.5)

35.8 (32.0–39.8)

60.4 (56.3–64.3)

79.8 (73.4–85.0)

36.3 (33.4–39.4)

  Other race/ethnicity

14.8 (12.2–17.8)

34.3 (30.9–37.8)

61.4 (57.3–65.3)

80.9 (77.3–84.1)

39.7 (37.4–42.0)

Cholesterol level (in mg/dl)

  Normal (<200)

15.0 (13.1–17.1)

33.5 (30.7–36.6)

56.4 (52.3–60.3)

73.7 (69.1–77.8)

33.3 (31.4–35.2)

  Borderline (200–239)

22.8 (19.4–26.7)

37.7 (33.8–41.8)

54.2 (49.6–58.7)

71.0 (65.0–76.2)

44.6 (42.2–47.0)

  High (≥240)

26.9 (20.7–34.2)

55.3 (50.8–59.7)

70.6 (67.3–73.8)

81.3 (79.0–83.3)

69.4 (67.2–71.5)

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (in mg/dl)

  Normal

14.3 (12.5–16.4)

35.3 (32.3–38.5)

59.1 (56.4–61.8)

75.7 (73.1–78.2)

44.4 (42.6–46.2)

  Low (<40 for men and < 50 for women)

23.7 (21.4–26.2)

46.8 (43.3–50.3)

68.1 (63.9–72.0)

81.8 (77.4–85.4)

51.5 (49.7–53.2)

Chronic kidney disease

  No

16.6 (14.8–18.5)

37.5 (35.2–40.0)

59.4 (57.0–61.8)

73.1 (70.1–75.9)

42.0 (40.6–43.5)

  Yes

30.4 (23.5–38.4)

58.9 (52.2–65.4)

79.5 (74.1–84.0)

84.7 (81.5–87.4)

73.8 (71.1–76.4)

Diabetes mellitus status

  No

16.5 (14.9–18.3)

36.3 (34.2–38.4)

57.7 (55.1–60.2)

74.1 (70.9–77.0)

41.1 (39.6–42.6)

  Prediabetes

24.6 (15.6–36.6)

50.2 (40.5–60.0)

68.1 (60.0–75.2)

82.9 (77.0–87.5)

61.8 (57.6–65.9)

  Diabetes

47.9 (33.1–63.1)

62.9 (56.0–69.2)

79.3 (72.7–84.7)

86.9 (83.4–89.8)

78.4 (75.2–81.2)

Body mass index (in kg/m2)

  <25

9.2 (7.1–11.9)

20.8 (17.6–24.5)

49.4 (45.3–53.5)

70.3 (66.3–74.0)

31.4 (29.4–33.5)

  25 to < 30

14.3 (11.6–17.6)

37.4 (34.4–40.5)

59.2 (55.0–63.3)

77.3 (73.2–80.9)

46.2 (44.4–48.1)

  ≥30

30.3 (27.6–33.1)

53.0 (49.7–56.2)

71.9 (69.1–74.5)

82.6 (79.3–85.5)

58.9 (57.1–60.7)

Leisure time physical activity (in minutes)

  No

18.3 (16.6–20.3)

40.9 (38.5–43.4)

64.6 (62.4–66.7)

78.5 (75.9–80.8)

50.3 (48.8–51.8)

  Some (<150)

14.9 (10.8–20.3)

35.2 (26.4–45.1)

49.7 (37.5–61.9)

74.7 (59.7–85.4)

33.9 (29.3–38.9)

  High (≥150)

15.0 (12.2–18.4)

31.3 (25.9–37.2)

45.5 (38.3–53.0)

63.5 (52.1–73.5)

29.3 (26.8–32.1)

Family income to poverty ratio

  <2

16.7 (14.7–18.9)

42.8 (39.8–45.8)

66.7 (63.7–69.5)

82.9 (80.7–84.8)

46.4 (44.5–48.4)

  ≥2

17.8 (15.2–20.7)

37.6 (34.7–40.5)

60.4 (57.5–63.2)

75.1 (72.1–78.0)

46.7 (44.7–48.8)

Risk categories (≥10% 10-years CVD risk or history of CVD)

  Low

16.4 (14.8–18.1)

36.1 (33.7–38.5)

53.3 (50.3–56.3)

46.6 (40.4–52.9)

33.6 (32.2–35.1)

  High

29.8 (18.7–44.1)

72.4 (65.2–78.6)

83.2 (79.6–86.3)

81.4 (78.9–83.7)

80.4 (78.3–82.3)

Stages of BP levels

  Normal

67.6 (65.6–69.6)

48.3 (46.1–50.4)

25.1 (23.1–27.2)

13.2 (11.3–15.4)

40.6 (39.2–42.1)

  Elevated BP

14.9 (13.5–16.5)

12.5 (11.0–14.2)

12.6 (11.0–14.3)

9.1 (7.9–10.5)

12.5 (11.6–13.5)

  Stage 1a

11.9 (10.6–13.3)

17.4 (16.0–19.0)

16.0 (14.4–17.8)

9.5 (8.1–11.1)

14.0 (13.1–15.0)

  Stage 2b

3.3 (2.7–3.9)

7.6 (6.5–8.8)

10.9 (9.6–12.4)

11.9 (10.6–13.4)

8.1 (7.4–8.9)

  Take BP lowering drug

2.2 (1.8–2.8)

14.2 (12.7–15.8)

35.4 (33.0–37.9)

56.2 (53.4–59.0)

24.7 (23.3–26.1)

Overall hypertensionc

17.4 (15.8–19.1)

39.2 (37.0–41.5)

62.3 (60.1–64.6)

77.7 (75.3–79.8)

46.8 (45.4–48.3)

  1. aSystolic BP/diastolic BP 130–139/80–89 mm Hg among persons who were not taking BP lowering drugs
  2. bSystolic BP/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg among persons who were not taking BP lowering drugs
  3. cSystolic BP/diastolic BP ≥130/80 mm Hg or was taking any BP lowering drugs
  4. BP blood pressure, CVD cardiovascular disease, NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  5. The numbers in the numerator and denominator in each column heading indicate the number of hypertensive people and number of the total people from that age group, respectively
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