Table 6 Age-stratified and overall adjusted odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) for the association of hypertension with selected factors among US population aged 20 years or older, NHANES 2011–2016

From: Age-stratified prevalence, treatment status, and associated factors of hypertension among US adults following application of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline

Characteristics

According to age (in years)

Among all age groups (n=13,216)

20–34 (n=3534)

35–49 (n=3449)

50–64 (n=3234)

≥65 (n=2999)

Age (in years)

  20–34

–

–

–

–

Ref.

  35–49

–

–

–

–

2.7*** (2.3,3.1)

  50–64

–

–

–

–

5.6*** (4.7,6.5)

  ≥65

–

–

–

–

10.7*** (9.0,12.8)

Gender

  Male

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  Female

0.3*** (0.2,0.4)

0.6*** (0.5,0.8)

0.7* (0.6,1.0)

1.3* (1.0,1.7)

0.6*** (0.6,0.7)

Race

  Non-Hispanic White

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  Non-Hispanic Black

1.6** (1.2,2.2)

1.8*** (1.4,2.3)

2.1*** (1.6,2.8)

2.2*** (1.6,3.0)

1.8*** (1.6,2.1)

  Mexican-American

0.7** (0.5,0.9)

0.7** (0.5,0.9)

0.8* (0.6,1.0)

1.1 (0.7,1.7)

0.8*** (0.7,0.9)

  Other races/ethnicities

0.8 (0.6,1.2)

0.8 (0.7,1.0)

1.0 (0.8,1.4)

1.2 (0.9,1.6)

1.0 (0.8,1.1)

Cholesterol level (in mg/dl)

  Normal (<200)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  Borderline (200–239)

1.4* (1.0,1.8)

1.1 (0.9,1.3)

1.1 (0.8,1.4)

1.0 (0.8,1.4)

1.2* (1.0,1.3)

  High (≥240)

1.7* (1.1,2.6)

2.1*** (1.7,2.7)

1.7*** (1.3,2.1)

1.5** (1.1,1.9)

1.8*** (1.6,2.1)

High density lipoprotein cholesterol (in mg/dl)

  Normal

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  Low (<40 for men and < 50 for women)

1.4*** (1.2,1.7)

1.2 (1.0,1.5)

1.1 (0.8,1.3)

1.0 (0.7,1.5)

1.2** (1.0,1.4)

Chronic kidney disease

  No

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  Yes

2.3*** (1.5,3.6)

2.0***(1.4,2.7)

2.3*** (1.7,3.2)

1.8***(1.3,2.5)

2.0*** (1.7,2.4)

Diabetes

  No

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  Prediabetes

1.6 (1.0,2.5)

1.3 (0.9,2.0)

1.3 (0.9,2.0)

1.5 (1.0,2.3)

1.4** (1.1,1.7)

  Diabetes

3.5** (1.6,7.7)

1.6** (1.1,2.2)

1.6* (1.0,2.5)

1.6* (1.1,2.4)

1.6*** (1.3,2.0)

Body mass index (in kg/m2)

  <25

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  25 to < 30

1.5* (1.1,2.1)

1.9*** (1.4,2.4)

1.4*(1.1,1.7)

1.4 (1.0,1.9)

1.5*** (1.3,1.7)

  ≥30

4.2*** (2.9,5.9)

3.2*** (2.4,4.3)

2.1*** (1.6,2.7)

1.6** (1.1,2.2)

2.6*** (2.2,3.0)

Leisure time physical activity (in minutes)

  No

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  Some (<150)

0.8 (0.6,1.2)

1.0 (0.6,1.4)

0.6 (0.4,1.1)

1.3 (0.5,3.1)

0.9 (0.7,1.1)

  High (≥150)

0.8 (0.5,1.1)

0.8 (0.5,1.0)

0.5** (0.4,0.7)

0.6 (0.3,1.1)

0.7*** (0.6,0.8)

Family income to poverty ratio

  <2

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

  ≥2

1.2 (0.9,1.6)

0.9 (0.7,1.1)

0.9 (0.7,1.1)

0.8* (0.6,1.0)

0.9 (0.8, 1.0)

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  2. NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  3. Adjusted for all variables in the column
  4. The numbers in the numerator and denominator in each column heading indicate the number of hypertensive people and number of the total people from that age group, respectively
Back to article page