Table 3 Factors associated with low adherence (PDC < 40%) among patients initiating antihypertensive drugs
From: Adherence to antihypertensive medication and its predictors among non-elderly adults in Japan
Variable | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | ||||
Sex | |||||||||
Female gender | 1.30 | (1.23–1.38) | <0.01 | 1.15 | (1.08–1.22) | <0.01 | |||
Age group | |||||||||
30–49 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | |||||
50–59 | 0.61 | (0.58–0.65) | <0.01 | 0.69 | (0.65–0.73) | <0.01 | |||
60–74 | 0.52 | (0.48–0.56) | <0.01 | 0.62 | (0.57–0.67) | <0.01 | |||
First prescription | |||||||||
Monotherapy | |||||||||
ARB | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | |||||
ACEI | 1.30 | (1.07–1.59) | <0.01 | 1.37 | (1.12–1.66) | <0.01 | |||
BB | 5.77 | (5.22–6.38) | <0.01 | 4.82 | (4.34–5.36) | <0.01 | |||
CCB | 1.10 | (1.04–1.16) | <0.01 | 1.04 | (0.98–1.11) | 0.16 | |||
Thiazides | 4.18 | (3.04–5.76) | <0.01 | 3.91 | (2.79–5.46) | <0.01 | |||
Combination therapy | 0.68 | (0.57–0.80) | <0.01 | 0.64 | (0.54–0.76) | <0.01 | |||
Comorbid condition absence | 1.27 | (1.21–1.34) | <0.01 | 1.13 | (1.03–1.25) | <0.01 | |||
Baseline comorbidities | |||||||||
Cancer | 0.98 | (0.80–1.20) | 0.83 | 0.92 | (0.70–1.19) | 0.51 | |||
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.74 | (0.50–1.10) | 0.14 | 0.71 | (0.46–1.11) | 0.13 | |||
Chronic renal failure | 0.55 | (0.47–0.66) | <0.01 | 0.94 | (0.78–1.14) | 0.54 | |||
Chronic respiratory disease | 1.04 | (0.96–1.12) | 0.32 | 1.07 | (0.98–1.18) | 0.14 | |||
Hyperuricemia/gout | 0.74 | (0.69–0.80) | <0.01 | 0.86 | (0.78–0.94) | <0.01 | |||
Liver disease | 0.79 | (0.60–1.04) | 0.30 | 1.19 | (1.09–1.29) | <0.01 | |||
Obesity | 1.34 | (1.02–1.77) | 0.09 | 0.86 | (0.64–1.15) | 0.31 | |||
Peripheral vascular disease | 1.34 | (1.02–1.77) | 0.03 | 1.38 | (1.03–1.85) | 0.03 | |||
Baseline medications | |||||||||
Antidiabetics | 0.41 | (0.36–0.46) | <0.01 | 0.52 | (0.45–0.60) | <0.01 | |||
Anxiolytics/hypnotic sedatives | 1.42 | (1.33–1.52) | <0.01 | 1.23 | (1.13–1.34) | <0.01 | |||
H2 blockers | 1.18 | (1.08–1.29) | <0.01 | 1.09 | (0.99–1.20) | 0.07 | |||
Lipid-modifying agents | 0.61 | (0.57–0.66) | <0.01 | 0.78 | (0.71–0.85) | <0.01 | |||
NSAID | 1.27 | (1.20–1.33) | <0.01 | 1.28 | (1.20–1.36) | <0.01 | |||
SSRI/SNRI | 1.40 | (1.22–1.60) | <0.01 | 1.06 | (0.89–1.25) | 0.52 | |||
Number of times drugs were dispensed | |||||||||
0 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | |||||
1–6 | 1.11 | (1.04–1.19) | <0.01 | 0.90 | (0.84–0.97) | <0.01 | |||
≥7 | 0.86 | (0.80–0.92) | <0.01 | 0.59 | (0.53–0.64) | <0.01 | |||
Number of concurrently prescribed drugs on the index date | |||||||||
0 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | |||||
1–2 | 1.12 | (1.06–1.19) | <0.01 | 1.29 | (1.20–1.38) | <0.01 | |||
≥3 | 1.09 | (1.01–1.17) | 0.03 | 1.33 | (1.21–1.45) | <0.01 | |||
Hospitalization (baseline period) | 1.09 | (1.02–1.27) | 0.02 | 1.21 | (1.05–1.40) | 0.01 | |||
Types of medical institutions/number of bed | |||||||||
Clinic | |||||||||
0–19 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | |||||
Hospital | |||||||||
20–199 | 1.00 | (0.90–1.11) | 0.98 | 1.05 | (0.95–1.16) | 0.35 | |||
≥200 | 0.94 | (0.85–1.03) | 0.16 | 0.81 | (0.73–0.89) | <0.01 | |||
