Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 3153 men grouped by household income

From: Household income and the risk of incident hypertension in employees at multiple workplaces in Japan: J-HOPE

 

Household income (million Japanese yen/year) [(thousand US dollars/year)]

 

<5.0

5.0–7.9

8.0–9.9

≥10.0

 
 

[<60.8]

[60.8–97.2]

[97.3–121.6]

[≥121.7]

 
 

n = 667

n = 1412

n = 587

n = 487

P value

Age (years)

33.0 ± 10.1

41.1 ± 7.4

45.1 ± 7.0

45.8 ± 7.6

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

115.8 ± 11.2

116.5 ± 11.1

117.2 ± 10.9

118.8 ± 10.9

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

69.0 ± 9.0

72.2 ± 8.8

73.6 ± 8.3

74.3 ± 8.4

<0.001

Type of occupation

    

<0.001

 Managers

13 (1.9%)

163 (11.5%)

255 (43.4%)

326 (66.9%)

 

 Professionals

123 (18.4%)

258 (18.3%)

94 (16.0%)

43 (8.8%)

 

 Technicians

149 (22.3%)

304 (21.5%)

74 (12.6%)

39 (8.0%)

 

 Clerks

89 (13.3%)

168 (11.9%)

53 (9.0%)

30 (6.2%)

 

 Service and sales workers

36 (5.4%)

71 (5.0%)

17 (2.9%)

5 (1.0%)

 

 Craft and related trade workers

72 (10.8%)

133 (9.4%)

38 (6.5%)

14 (2.9%)

 

 Machine operators

63 (9.4%)

102 (7.2%)

10 (1.7%)

8 (1.6%)

 

 Laborers

59 (8.8%)

72 (5.1%)

16 (2.7%)

2 (0.4%)

 

 Others

63 (9.4%)

141 (10.0%)

30 (5.1%)

20 (4.1%)

 

Number of family members

1 (1–9)

3 (1–8)

4 (1–8)

4 (1–10)

<0.001

Smoking habit

    

<0.001

 Never

383 (57.4%)

721 (51.1%)

302 (51.4%)

236 (48.5%)

 

 Ex-smoker

59 (8.8%)

206 (14.6%)

89 (15.2%)

94 (19.3%)

 

 Current smoker

225 (33.7%)

485 (34.3%)

196 (33.4%)

157 (32.2%)

 

Alcohol drinking habit

    

<0.001

 Nondrinker

257 (38.5%)

436 (30.9%)

164 (27.9%)

95 (19.5%)

 

 Occasional drinker

263 (39.4%)

480 (34.0%)

198 (33.7%)

182 (37.4%)

 

 Light daily drinker

98 (14.7%)

280 (19.8%)

145 (24.7%)

98 (20.1%)

 

 Heavy daily drinker

49 (7.3%)

216 (15.3%)

80 (13.6%)

112 (23.0%)

 

Body mass index

    

<0.001

 <25 kg/m2

551 (82.6%)

1102 (78.0%)

465 (79.2%)

342 (70.2%)

 

 ≥25 kg/m2

116 (17.4%)

310 (22.0%)

122 (20.8%)

145 (29.8%)

 

Diabetes

16 (2.4%)

39 (2.8%)

24 (4.1%)

29 (6.0%)

0.010

Hypercholesterolemia

106 (15.9%)

345 (24.4%)

218 (37.1%)

165 (33.9%)

<0.001

  1. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (minimum–maximum), or the number (%) of participants in that category
  2. One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, or chi-square test was used to compare each characteristic in each household income group
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