Table 1 Comparison of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and lifestyle measures in normal weight and overweight-to-obese groups
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Normal weight | Overweight-to-obese | ||
(<25 kg/m2) | (≥25 kg/m2) | p-trend | |
n | 677 | 517 | |
Demographic factors | |||
Age | 24.03 ± 2.97 | 25.21 ± 3.18 | <0.001 |
Sex, men, n (%) | 342 (50.5) | 233 (45.1) | 0.062 |
Ethnicity, Black, n (%) | 359 (53.0) | 244 (47.2) | 0.046 |
Anthropometric measures | |||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.32 ± 2.18 | 29.91 ± 4.79 | <0.001 |
Inflammation markers | |||
Leptin (ng/mL) | 7.24 (0.60; 38.58) | 23.99 (4.74; 100.60) | <0.001 |
Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | 0.87 (0.33; 2.89) | 1.41 (0.54; 4.53) | <0.001 |
Interleukin-8 (pg/mL) | 1.91 (0.50; 7.92) | 1.72 (0.41; 6.09) | 0.036 |
Tumour necrosis factor-α (pg/mL) | 1.03 (1.02; 2.30) | 1.11 (0.52; 2.69) | 0.017 |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 5.87 (4.75; 12.96) | 3.08 (0.68; 10.53) | <0.001 |
Interleukin-10 (pg/mL) | 5.08 (1.00; 22.07) | 4.69 (1.04; 18.13) | 0.16 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.52 (0.06; 5.39) | 1.75 (0.21; 14.11) | <0.001 |
Inflammatory score | 2.98 (1.00; 6.00) | 4.67 (2.00; 8.00) | <0.001 |
Cardiovascular measurements | |||
Clinic systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116 ± 12 | 122 ± 11 | <0.001 |
Clinic diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 ± 8 | 80 ± 7 | <0.001 |
24 h Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 114 ± 9 | 121 ± 9 | <0.001 |
24 h Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68 ± 6 | 70 ± 6 | <0.001 |
Lifestyle and biochemical measures | |||
Hyperleptinemia, n (%) | 193 (28.5) | 362 (70.0) | <0.001 |
Total energy expenditure (kCal/kg/day) | 34.66 ± 10.27 | 30.23 ± 4.32 | <0.001 |
Cotinine (ng/mL) | 143.55 (15.70; 500.04) | 130.02 (19.75; 425.21) | 0.41 |
γ-glutamyl transferase (U/L) | 15.85 (5.50; 46.80) | 21.83 (7.80; 73.33) | <0.001 |
Glycated haemoglobin (%) | 5.30 ± 0.29 | 5.35 ± 0.34 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.66 (0.29; 1.52) | 0.80 (0.34; 2.07) | <0.001 |
