Table 2 Prevalence and odds ratios for perinatal outcomes

From: The association between blood pressure control in women during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: the TMM BirThree Cohort Study

Perinatal outcomes

Normal BP

High BP

Controlled BP

Uncontrolled BP

SGA

Prevalence (%)

1,087/17,476 (6.2)

78/604 (12.9)

5/42 (11.9)

7/33 (21.2)

Crude OR [95%CI]

ref

2.24 [1.75–2.86]

2.04 [0.80–5.19]

4.06 [1.76–9.37]

Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.76 [1.32–2.35]

2.08 [0.79–5.50]

2.34 [0.94–5.85]

Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.53 [1.10–2.13]

1.46 [0.50–4.28]

1.12 [0.37–3.40]

Low birth weight

Prevalence (%)

1,325/17,476 (7.6)

114/604 (18.9)

10/42 (23.8)

16/33 (48.5)

Crude OR [95%CI]

ref

2.84 [2.30–3.50]

3.81 [1.87–7.77]

11.47 [5.78–22.75]

Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.80 [1.35–2.41]

3.42 [1.35–8.63]

5.10 [1.93–13.45]

Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.66 [1.19–2.32]

2.68 [1.01–7.10]

3.44 [1.03–11.56]

Preterm birth

Prevalence (%)

798/17,476 (4.6)

75/604 (12.4)

6/42 (14.3)

12/33 (36.4)

Crude OR [95%CI]

ref

2.96 [2.30–3.81]

3.48 [1.46–8.29]

11.94 [5.86–24.36]

Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.99 [1.48–2.68]

2.70 [1.12–6.50]

6.53 [3.09–13.82]

Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.95 [1.43–2.66]

2.19 [0.89–5.40]

5.02 [2.21–11.40]

Neonatal admission

Neonatal ward (%)

986/17,476 (5.6)

56/604 (9.3)

0/42 (0)

4/33 (12.1)

Crude OR [95%CI]

ref

1.94 [1.46–2.58]

–

3.50 [1.18–10.36]

Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.87 [1.35–2.59]

–

2.48 [0.79–7.80]

Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.87 [1.35–2.61]

–

2.36 [0.73–7.62]

NICU or GCU (%)

969/17,476 (5.5)

93/604 (15.4)

9/42 (21.4)

11/33 (33.3)

Crude OR [95%CI]

ref

3.27 [2.60–4.13]

4.37 [2.08–9.16]

9.79 [4.61–20.78]

Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.64 [1.19–2.24]

2.17 [0.88–5.38]

2.12 [0.80–5.65]

Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.65 [1.20–2.28]

1.89 [0.76–4.68]

1.89 [0.68–5.24]

1-min Apgar score <7

Prevalence (%)

334/16,261 (2.1)

23/567 (4.1)

3/41 (7.3)

2/32 (6.3)

Crude OR [95%CI]

ref

2.02 [1.31–3.10]

3.77 [1.16–12.26]

3.18 [0.76–13.36]

Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.17 [0.70–1.95]

2.23 [0.65–7.68]

0.91 [0.20–4.16]

Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI]

ref

1.29 [0.76–2.18]

2.33 [0.67–8.05]

0.94 [0.20–4.33]

5-min Apgar score <7

Prevalence (%)

97/15,952 (0.6)

5/560 (0.9)

0/41 (0)

0/32 (0)

Crude OR [95%CI]

–

–

–

–

Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI]

–

–

–

–

Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI]

–

–

–

–

  1. SGA small for gestational age, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, GCU Growing Care Unit, BP blood pressure
  2. Model 1 was adjusted for maternal age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal smoking, preterm birth (except as an outcome), and maternal diastolic BP level after 20 gestational weeks
  3. Model 2 was adjusted for placental weight in addition to model 1. The total number of participants in model 2 was 16,441 each for SGA, low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal admission and 16,375 for 1-min Apgar score <7
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