Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of category each risk factor for the 5-year incidence of baPWV ≥ 1400 cm/s

From: Risk prediction score and equation for progression of arterial stiffness using Japanese longitudinal health examination data

Risk factors

Men

No. of Subjects

No. of cases (%)

univaliable

multivaliable

OR (95%CI)

P value

OR (95%CI)

P value

Age, years

30–39

736

123 (16.7)

ref

 

ref

 

40–49

1355

389 (28.7)

2.01 (1.60–2.52)

< 0.0001

1.72 (1.36–2.17)

< 0.0001

50–59

995

432 (43.4)

3.82 (3.04–4.82)

< 0.0001

3.43 (2.70–4.37)

< 0.0001

60–69

308

163 (52.9)

5.60 (4.17–7.53)

< 0.0001

5.38 (3.92–7.36)

< 0.0001

BMI, kg/m2

<25

2,374

766 (32.3)

ref

 

ref

 

≥25

1020

341 (33.4)

1.05 (0.81–1.11)

0.5068

0.89 (0.75–1.07)

0.2056

BP, mmHg

<120/ < 80

1988

503 (25.3)

ref

 

ref

 

120–129/80–84

869

353 (40.5)

2.01 (1.70–2.38)

< 0.0001

1.91 (1.59–2.28)

< 0.0001

≥130/ ≥ 85

537

252 (46.9)

2.61 (2.14–3.18)

< 0.0001

2.52 (2.04–3.12)

< 0.0001

HR, bpm

<61

1845

581 (31.5)

ref

 

ref

 

≥61

1549

526 (34.0)

1.12 (0.96–1.29)

< 0.0001

1.16 (0.99–1.36)

0.0586

FBS, mg/dL

FBS < 126

3247

1028 (31.6)

ref

 

ref

 

FBS ≥ 126

147

79 (53.7)

2.51 (1.80–3.50)

< 0.0001

2.14 (1.50–3.04)

< 0.0001

LDL-C, mg/dL

LDL-C < 140

2293

730 (31.8)

ref

 

ref

 

LDL-C ≥ 140

1101

377 (32.4)

1.11 (0.96–1.30)

0.1618

1.04 (0.88–1.23)

0.6452

HDL-C, mg/dL

HDL-C ≥ 40

3099

1007 (32.5)

ref

 

ref

 

HDL-C < 40

295

100 (33.9)

1.07 (0.83–1.37)

0.6231

1.15 (0.87–1.53)

0.3200

TG, mg/dL

TG < 150

2459

775 (31.5)

ref

 

ref

 

TG ≥ 150

935

332 (35.5)

1.20 (1.02–1.40)

0.0241

1.21 (1.01–1.45)

0.0374

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

eGFR≥60

3286

1049 (31.9)

ref

 

ref

 

eGFR<60

108

58 (53.7)

1.20 (1.02–1.40)

0.0268

1.59 (1.05–2.41)

0.0275

Habitual exercise

No

2354

746 (31.7)

ref

 

ref

 

Yes

1040

361 (34.7)

0.87 (0.98–1.33)

0.0836

1.02 (0.86–1.20)

0.8283

Habitual drinking

No

1350

372 (27.6)

ref

 

ref

 

Yes

2044

735 (36.0)

1.48 (1.27–1.71)

< 0.0001

1.27 (1.07–1.49)

0.0047

Smoking history

No

1903

667 (35.1)

ref

 

ref

 

Yes

1491

440 (29.5)

0.78 (0.67–0.90)

0.0006

1.04 (0.88–1.22)

0.6644

Risk factors

Women

No. of Subjects

No. of cases (%)

univaliable

multivaliable

OR (95%CI)

P value

OR (95%CI)

P value

Age, years

30–39

507

34 (6.7)

ref

 

ref

 

40–49

887

136 (15.3)

2.51 (1.70–3.73)

< 0.0001

2.33 (1.56–3.47)

< 0.0001

50–59

953

309 (32.4)

6.68 (4.60–9.70)

< 0.0001

5.97 (4.05–8.79)

< 0.0001

60–69

363

192 (52.9)

15.6 (10.42–23.41)

< 0.0001

15.69 (10.20–24.00)

< 0.0001

BMI, kg/m2

<25

2230

506 (22.7)

ref

 

ref

 

≥25

480

165 (34.4)

1.78 (1.44–2.21)

< 0.0001

1.41 (1.11–1.79)

0.0055

BP, mmHg

<120/ < 80

2043

408 (20.0)

ref

 

ref

 

120–129/80–84

445

168 (37.6)

2.43 (1.95–3.03)

< 0.0001

2.13 (1.68–2.71)

< 0.0001

≥130/ ≥ 85

222

95 (42.8)

3.00 (2.25–4.00)

< 0.0001

2.37 (1.74–3.25)

< 0.0001

HR, bpm

<61

1108

272 (24.6)

ref

 

ref

 

≥61

1602

339 (24.9)

1.02 (0.85–1.22)

< 0.0001

1.33 (1.90–1.62)

0.0052

FBS, mg/dL

FBS < 126

2670

653 (24.5)

ref

 

ref

 

FBS ≥ 126

40

18 (45.0)

1.28 (0.87–1.89)

0.2078

1.42 (0.72–2.80)

0.3139

LDL-C, mg/dL

LDL-C < 140

1937

416 (21.5)

ref

 

ref

 

LDL-C ≥ 140

773

255 (33.0)

1.80 (1.49–2.17)

< 0.0001

1.12 (0.91–1.38)

0.2719

HDL-C, mg/dL

HDL-C ≥ 40

2662

657 (24.7)

ref

 

ref

 

HDL-C < 40

48

14 (29.2)

1.26 (0.67–2.36)

0.4763

0.83 (0.48–1.96)

0.9367

TG, mg/dL

TG < 150

2540

622 (24.5)

ref

 

ref

 

TG ≥ 150

170

49 (28.8)

1.25 (0.89–1.77)

0.2004

0.83 (0.57–1.23)

0.3560

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

eGFR≥60

2618

638 (24.4)

ref

 

ref

 

eGFR<60

92

33 (35.9)

1.25 (0.89–1.76)

0.2056

1.25 (0.78–2.01)

0.3504

Habitual exercise

No

1776

419 (23.6)

ref

 

ref

 

Yes

934

252 (27.0)

0.836 (0.70–1.00)

0.0523

0.93 (0.76–1.14)

0.4978

Habitual drinking

No

2239

559 (25.0)

ref

 

ref

 

Yes

471

112 (23.8)

0.94 (0.74–1.18)

0.5874

0.97 (0.75–1.26)

0.9715

Smoking history

No

2552

637 (25.0)

ref

 

ref

 

Yes

158

34 (21.5)

0.82 (0.56–1.22)

0.3314

1.44 (0.94–2.20)

0.0914

  1. BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, HR Heart rate, FBS fasting blood sugar, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 5-year baPWV incidence of each risk factor using logistic regression analysis. In the multivariable model, the odds ratios were adjusted for the following variables: age, BMI, BP, HR, FBS, LDL-C, HDH-C, TG and eGFR categories, habitual exercise, habitual drinking, and smoking history
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