Table 3 Association of dairy consumption with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in non-users of antihypertensive medications (n = 795)

From: Dairy consumption has a partial inverse association with systolic blood pressure and hypertension in populations with high salt and low dairy diets: cross-sectional data analysis from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project

	β	(95% CI) SE	r²	P-value
Model 1 (Adjustment factors: Age, Sex, BMI)
Systolic blood pressure
Low-fat dairy products	0.0014	(−0.030, 0.033) 0.016	0.212	0.932
Whole- and high-fat dairy products	−0.0306	(−0.054, −0.007) 0.012	0.219	0.011*
Total dairy products	−0.0232	(−0.044, −0.002) 0.011	0.217	0.029*
Diastolic blood pressure
Low-fat dairy products	−0.0130	(−0.036, 0.010) 0.012	0.158	0.260
Whole- and high-fat dairy products	−0.0108	(−0.028, 0.006) 0.009	0.158	0.217
Total dairy products	−0.0143	(−0.029, 0.001) 0.008	0.160	0.065
Model 2 (Adjustment factors: Model 1 + Smoking [current, former, never])
Systolic blood pressure
Low-fat dairy products	0.0005	(−0.031, 0.032) 0.016	0.220	0.975
Whole- and high-fat dairy products	−0.0326	(−0.056, −0.009) 0.012	0.227	0.007**
Total dairy products	−0.0252	(−0.046, −0.004) 0.011	0.226	0.018*
Diastolic blood pressure
Low-fat dairy products	−0.0133	(−0.036, 0.009) 0.012	0.166	0.248
Whole- and high-fat dairy products	−0.0111	(−0.028, 0.006) 0.009	0.166	0.206
Total dairy products	−0.0146	(−0.030, 0.001) 0.058	0.168	0.058
Model 3 (Adjustment factors: Model 2 + Salt, Vegetable, Fruit intake [g/1000 kcal], Exercise time, di)
Drinking [current, former, never]
Systolic blood pressure
Low-fat dairy products	0.0019	(−0.029, 0.033) 0.016	0.231	0.906
Whole- and high-fat dairy products	−0.0294	(−0.053, −0.006) 0.012	0.237	0.015*
Total dairy products	−0.0223	(−0.043, −0.001) 0.011	0.236	0.039*
Diastolic blood pressure
Low-fat dairy products	−0.0106	(−0.033, 0.012) 0.012	0.181	0.357
Whole- and high-fat dairy products	−0.0069	(−0.024, 0.010) 0.009	0.181	0.430
Total dairy products	−0.0103	(−0.026, 0.005) 0.008	0.182	0.186

β, partial regression coefficient for each dairy intake. r², adjusted r²
CI confidence interval, SE standard error
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01
Bold values: significant at P < 0.05

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Table 3 Association of dairy consumption with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in non-users of antihypertensive medications (n = 795)

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