Table 2 Associations between RASi discontinuation after incident hyperkalemia and clinical outcomes

From: Discontinuing renin-angiotensin system inhibitors after incident hyperkalemia and clinical outcomes: target trial emulation

Outcomes

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

5-year absolute risk, % (95% CI)

5-year risk difference, % (95% CI)

5-year risk ratio (95% CI)

Primary outcomea

    

Continuation group

Ref

20.4 (16.2, 24.1)

Ref

Ref

Discontinuation group

1.01 (0.81, 1.26)

20.7 (16.9, 24.9)

0.6 (−3.7, 5.0)

1.03 (0.81, 1.30)

KRT

    

Continuation group

Ref

11.4 (8.6, 14.6)

Ref

Ref

Discontinuation group

0.93 (0.70, 1.24)

11.0 (8.3, 14.6)

−0.5 (−3.7, 2.6)

0.96 (0.71, 1.27)

eGFR ≥ 50% decline

    

Continuation group

Ref

15.0 (12.0, 18.5)

Ref

Ref

Discontinuation group

1.03 (0.81, 1.33)

15.3 (11.4, 18.6)

0.1 (−4.1, 3.8)

1.00 (0.76, 1.31)

eGFR < 5 mL/min/1.73 m2

    

Continuation group

Ref

6.4 (3.8, 9.4)

Ref

Ref

Discontinuation group

0.90 (0.60, 1.36)

5.8 (3.3, 8.3)

−0.5 (−3.1, 2.1)

0.90 (0.60, 1.42)

All-cause death

    

Continuation group

Ref

39.1 (33.8, 43.7)

Ref

Ref

Discontinuation group

1.16 (1.02, 1.33)

45.6 (40.1, 50.7)

7.1 (1.3, 11.9)

1.18 (1.03, 1.33)

Severe hyperkalemiab

    

Continuation group

Ref

30.1 (24.5, 36.0)

Ref

Ref

Discontinuation group

0.83 (0.69, 0.99)

24.1 (19.1, 28.9)

−6.2 (−12.5, −0.6)

0.80 (0.64, 0.98)

  1. CI confidence interval, KRT kidney replacement therapy, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, RASi renin-angiotensin system inhibitors
  2. aA composite kidney outcome consisting of KRT initiation, a > 50% decline in eGFR from the index day, or kidney failure (eGFR <5 mL/min/1.73 m2)
  3. bSevere hyperkalemia was defined as serum potassium levels of >6.5 mEq/L
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