Table 2 Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for the association between baPWV-based VA and the risk of cardiovascular events

From: Comparison between vascular age based on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity or carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity

Outcomes

VA Categories

Event

n (%)

Model 1

Model 2

HR (95%CI)

P-value

HR (95%CI)

P-value

MACE

∆-age

173(3)

1.05(1.01–1.09)

0.025

1.04(1.00–1.09)

0.044

 

SUPERNOVA

14(2.4)

0.90(0.52–1.56)

0.704

0.84(0.48–1.47)

0.536

 

Normal VA

123(2.7)

reference

-

reference

-

 

EVA

36(6.3)

1.95(1.34–2.84)

<0.001

1.84(1.25–2.73)

0.002

CVD mortality

∆-age

21(0.4)

1.10(0.98–1.22)

0.104

1.08(0.96–1.21)

0.193

 

SUPERNOVA

0(0.0)

-

-

-

-

 

Normal VA

16(0.3)

reference

-

reference

-

 

EVA

5(0.9)

1.87(0.68–5.15)

0.226

1.64(0.56–4.77)

0.364

AMI

∆-age

35(0.6)

1.01(0.93–1.10)

0.820

1.01(0.92–1.11)

0.806

 

SUPERNOVA

2(0.3)

0.60(0.14–2.53)

0.484

0.54(0.12–2.31)

0.404

 

Normal VA

27(0.6)

reference

-

reference

-

 

EVA

6(1.0)

1.50(0.61–3.66)

0.374

1.44(0.57–3.64)

0.443

Stroke

∆-age

130(2.3)

1.05(1.00–1.10)

0.034

1.05(1.00–1.10)

0.044

 

SUPERNOVA

12(2.1)

1.07(0.59–1.96)

0.822

0.99(0.54–1.85)

0.987

 

Normal VA

89(1.9)

reference

-

reference

-

 

EVA

29(5.1)

2.14(1.40–3.27)

<0.001

2.08(1.33–3.24)

0.001

  1. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, anti-hypertensive treatment, lipid-lowering treatment, hypoglycemic treatment, family history of cardiovascular disease, and estimated glomerular filtration rate
  2. baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, VA vascular age, HR hazard ratio, MACE a composite of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality, CVD cardiovascular disease, AMI acute myocardial infacrtion, ∆-age indicates the residuals by regressing vascular age on chronological age, SUPERNOVA supernormal vascular aging, normal VA normal vascular aging, EVA early vascular aging