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Accuracy of a wearable watch-type oscillometric blood pressure monitor in rest and ambulatory blood pressure measurements

Hypertension Research volume 48, pages 2961–2968 (2025)Cite this article

A Comment to this article was published on 05 November 2025

A Comment to this article was published on 28 October 2025

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a watch-type oscillometric BP monitor HUAWEI WATCH D2 for rest and ambulatory BP measurements and compare with a conventional ambulatory BP monitor (A&D TM-2430, Tokyo, Japan). Subjects were recruited to fulfill the age, gender, BP and cuff distributions of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard in the general population. Two cuffs of the test device were used for wrist circumference 13–16 (medium) and 16–21 cm (large), respectively. During the ambulatory validation study, subjects were asked to pedal at a low workload to elevate heart rate. For the 24-h ambulatory measurement, two BP monitoring devices were simultaneously worn on the same arm with the A&D cuff on the patient’s left arm and the HUAWEI WATCH D2 on the left wrist. In the study on rest BP measurement, 95 subjects were recruited and 85 were analyzed. For validation criterion 1, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the differences between the test device and reference BP readings was −1.6 ± 6.4/−1.9 ± 5.0 mmHg. For criterion 2, the SD of the mean BP differences between the test device and reference BP readings per subject was 5.8/4.7 mmHg. In the ambulatory validation study, the mean difference between the device and observers was −0.9 ± 7.3 mmHg and −0.7 ± 4.9 mmHg for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. We also compared the 24-h BP data with the HUAWEI WATCH D2 and cuff-based A&D in 35 adults. The mean difference (±SD) in systolic/diastolic BP between the device and A&D were −1.1 ± 6.3/1.0 ± 4.2 mmHg, −2.0 ± 6.5/−0.2 ± 4.7 mmHg and 1.2 ± 6.7/ 4.2 ± 4.4 mmHg for 24-h, daytime and nighttime, respectively. The watch-type oscillometric BP monitor HUAWEI WATCH D2 has met the requirements of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2: 2018/AMD 1: 2020) in both rest and ambulatory measurements. Moreover, the HUAWEI WATCH D2 achieved acceptable agreement with 24-h ambulatory BP measurement.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the participation of the study subjects.

Funding

The study was funded by HUAWEI (Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China). The study investigators were also financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 82070432, 82070435, 82270469 and 82370426), and Ministry of Science and Technology (grants 2018YFC1704902 and 2022YFC3601302), Beijing, China, from the Shanghai Municipal Commissions of Science and Technology (grant 19DZ2340200), and Health (a special grant for “leading academics”), and The Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System (GWV-10.1-XK05 and GWV1-11.2-YQ09) Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Application, Shanghai, China, and from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number 2024M762037.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Yi Zhou, Wei Zhang.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Yi Zhou, Wei Zhang, Xin-Yu Wang, Yi Zhou, Yan Li & Ji-Guang Wang

  2. National Research Centre for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Ji-Guang Wang

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Correspondence to Ji-Guang Wang.

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JGW reports receiving lecture and consulting fees from Novartis, Omron, Servier, and Viatris. The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.

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Zhou, Y., Zhang, W., Wang, XY. et al. Accuracy of a wearable watch-type oscillometric blood pressure monitor in rest and ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Hypertens Res 48, 2961–2968 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-025-02345-2

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