Fig. 2

ΔSBP and ΔDBP in weight change groups. Data are presented as boxplots with median, interquartile range (IQR), and outliers. G-3: weight loss >10%; G-2: weight loss between 5 and 10%; G-1: weight loss between 3 and 5%; G-0: weight change between −3% and +3% (reference group); G + 1: weight gain between 3 and 5%; G + 2: weight gain between 5 and 10%; G + 3: weight gain >10%. Panels show: a ΔSBP in men, b ΔDBP in men, c ΔSBP in women, and d ΔDBP in women, based on % changes in body weight from baseline to the end of follow-up. A one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test was conducted to compare the weight change groups. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 indicate statistical significance compared with the G-0 group. Mean ΔSBP (e) and ΔDBP (f) by sex (men: blue triangles, women: red circles) across weight change groups. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean (±SE). Within each category, sex differences were tested by two-sample t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 indicates a significant difference between sexes