Fig. 4

Subgroup analysis of knowledge, attitude and behavior score before and after intervention (Missing data were imputed with mean value). “Pre-test” and “Post-test” refer to scores within each subgroup before and after the intervention, respectively. ‘Mean’ denotes the average difference between post-test and pre-test scores, presented with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Age is measured in years. The black dots represent the average difference between post-test and pre-test scores for each subgroup, while the horizontal lines indicate the 95% CI. The scale beneath the forest plot indicates the score values of knowledge, attitude or behavior