Table 1 Echocardiographic analysis of cardiac structure and function performed 2 weeks after creation of the aorto-caval fistula or sham-operation

From: The role of ventricular remodeling in the early decompensation of cardiorenal syndrome: Insight from studies with Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats subjected to volume overload induced using aorto-caval fistula

 

HanSD

TGR

ACF TGR

Heart rate (min−1)

357 ± 17

349 ± 12

332 ± 9

Left ventricle diastolic diameter (mm)

6.64 ± 0.20

6.69 ± 0.19

9.95 ± 0.19@

Left ventricle systolic diameter (mm)

3.08 ± 0.24

3.15 ± 0.23

5.37 ± 0.27@

Left ventricle anterior wall thickness in diastole (mm)

1.57 ± 0.06

2.52 ± 0.09*

1.77 ± 0.07

Left ventricle posterior wall thickness in diastole (mm)

1.78 ± 0.04

2.41 ± 0.11*

2.03 ± 0.05

Left ventricle relative wall thickness

0.539 ± 0.03

0.842 ± 0.06*

0.406 ± 0.02@

Left ventricle ejection fraction (%)

83.7 ± 2.2

83.1 ± 2.2

75.5 ± 2.7@

Left ventricle fractional shortening (%)

57.4 ± 2.1

56.3 ± 2.5

45.1 ± 2.1@

Left ventricle stroke volume (µl)

187.9 ± 9.3

192.9 ± 13.2

402.9 ± 17.1@

Cardiac output (ml.min−1)

66.3 ± 2.5

70.8 ± 3.2

164.1 ± 6.3@

Left atrium diameter (mm)

3.57 ± 0.14

3.48 ± 0.13

7.27 ± 0.26@

Left ventricle E Velocity (m.s−1)

0.93 ± 0.05

0.89 ± 0.04

1.42 ± 0.06@

Left ventricle E/A Ratio

11.9 ± 0.78

16.6 ± 0.76*

19.9 ± 0.43@

Left ventricle E/E´ Ratio

1.21 ± 0.03

1.18 ± 0.04

1.61 ± 0.09@

Right ventricle basal diameter in diastole (mm)

3.44 ± 0.11

3.36 ± 0.18

5.97 ± 0.26@

Right ventricle midcavity diameter in diastole (mm)

3.08 ± 0.15

3.17 ± 0.13

5.39 ± 0.24@

Right ventricle diastolic area (mm2)

27.74 ± 2.75

27.53 ± 1.43

64.99 ± 4.51@

Right ventricle systolic area (mm2)

15.44 ± 1.55

15.01 ± 2.04

40.52 ± 2.93@

Right ventricle fractional change (%)

44.16 ± 2.81

45.8 ± 2.38

37.41 ± 2.31

Diameter of Vena Cava Inferior (mm)

2.35 ± 0.19

2.31 ± 0.14

5.63 ± 0.34@

  1. The values are means ± SEM. TGR, Ren-2 renin transgenic rats; HanSD, Hannover-Sprague transgene-negative rats; ACF, aorto-caval fistula. *p < 0.05 TGR versus HanSD @p < 0.05 ACF TGR versus all other groups
  2. E E-wave represents the velocity of blood flow during the rapid passive filling phase of the left ventricle; A A-wave represents the velocity of blood flow during the active filling phase of the left ventricle, which occurs after the contraction of the left atrium; E′ the maximum velocity of mitral annular movement during the diastole
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