Fig. 2

Heterogeneity of Hofbauer cells in control and preeclampsia placentas. A Identification of Hofbauer cell types based on scRNA-seq data revealed a total of seven distinct cell types. B Proportions of the identified HB cell types in the placentas were analyzed. C Volcano plot illustrating differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Hofbauer cells between the EOPE and preterm groups. D Cnetplot depicting the top five Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with upregulated genes in the preterm group. E Volcano plot of DEGs in Hofbauer cells between the LOPE and term groups. F Cnetplot showing the top five GO terms for upregulated genes in the term group. G Branch trajectories were divided into 11 cellular states, with comparisons of cell proportions across the four groups, with color coding to denote the cell states. H Inference of pseudotime trajectories in Hofbauer cells, color-coded according to the corresponding cell subsets. I GO analysis of each HB cluster between the EOPE and preterm groups. J GO analysis of each HB cluster between the LOPE and term groups. EOPE early-onset preeclampsia, LOPE late-onset preeclampsia, HB Hofbauer Cell