Table 3 Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) for Incident Hypertension, Overall and Stratified by Subgroups

Risk Factor

Overall

<40 years

40-64 years

≥65 years

Men

Women

Systolic blood pressure <120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure <80 mmHg

Systolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg

Obesity

6.36 (6.05 to 6.67)

15.10 (12.98 to 17.16)

7.93 (7.42 to 8.43)

3.70 (3.32 to 4.08)

7.93 (7.40 to 8.45)

5.02 (4.65 to 5.38)

5.90 (5.41 to 6.38)

6.28 (5.90 to 6.67)

Diabetes mellitus

1.55 (1.37 to 1.72)

1.17 (0.69 to 1.64)

1.96 (1.73 to 2.19)

1.18 (0.90 to 1.46)

2.47 (2.16 to 2.78)

0.81 (0.61 to 1.01)

1.97 (1.66 to 2.28)

1.40 (1.19 to 1.61)

Dyslipidemia

2.74 (2.08 to 3.41)

8.99 (6.54 to 11.37)

4.46 (3.52 to 5.38)

0.07 (-0.95 to 1.09)

4.80 (3.84 to 5.75)

0.76 (-0.18 to 1.69)

3.80 (2.63 to 4.95)

1.69 (0.88 to 2.50)

Current smoking

3.39 (3.12 to 3.66)

2.87 (0.83 to 4.86)

4.44 (3.98 to 4.91)

2.06 (1.76 to 2.36)

5.49 (4.94 to 6.04)

1.53 (1.32 to 1.74)

3.47 (2.93 to 4.00)

3.25 (2.93 to 3.56)

Alcohol consumption

2.10 (1.77 to 2.42)

2.20 (0.82 to 3.56)

2.86 (2.36 to 3.36)

1.33 (0.89 to 1.77)

4.30 (3.65 to 4.95)

0.50 (0.24 to 0.77)

1.59 (1.04 to 2.13)

2.25 (1.85 to 2.64)

Physical inactivity

1.93 (1.43 to 2.43)

-4.09 (-7.57 to -0.73)

2.22 (1.40 to 3.03)

1.53 (0.92 to 2.13)

2.08 (1.32 to 2.83)

1.75 (1.09 to 2.41)

2.12 (1.15 to 3.09)

1.92 (1.35 to 2.50)

Sleep disorder

4.11 (3.73 to 4.49)

5.19 (2.70 to 7.62)

4.44 (3.83 to 5.05)

3.32 (2.85 to 3.79)

3.31 (2.75 to 3.86)

4.75 (4.23 to 5.26)

4.62 (3.85 to 5.38)

3.91 (3.48 to 4.34)

Simple Sum

22.18

31.42

28.32

13.20

30.38

15.12

23.46

20.70

All risk factors

18.49 (17.00 to 19.96)

31.39 (24.22 to 37.88)

24.60 (22.29 to 26.84)

12.22 (10.14 to 14.24)

26.37 (23.82 to 28.84)

14.45 (12.62 to 16.25)

19.96 (17.38 to 22.45)

17.27 (15.42 to 19.08)