Extended Data Fig. 8: Subcellular localization of GAPLESS1 and OsCASP1.

a, A specific antibody of GAPLESS1 was used to perform immunofluorescence assay. Calcofluor white showed cell wall signal. The secondary antibody is goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with Alexa Fluor 555. An assay with gapless1/2 was used as a negative control. b, Representative images show OsCASP1 signals of pOsCASP1:RFP-OsCASP1 at two different positions from the wild-type root tips: 2-5.5 mm (left) and >5.5 mm (right). OsCASP1 is localized around the plasma membrane (AP) at 2-5.5 mm and is localized exclusively at the Casparian strip domain (CSD) at the position >5.5 mm. c, Representative images show GAPLESS1 signals of the wild type NIP and oscasp1 at the position of 8 mm from the root tips. d, Transient expression of GFP-tagged GAPLESS1 and GFP-tagged GAPLESS1 without the secretory signal peptide in tabacco leaves. Representative images show the location of GAPLESS1 and GAPLESS1 lacking the secretory signal peptide (ΔSS) in tobacco leaves. To observe the cell wall localization of GAPLESS1, a plasmolysis assay was performed by treating the leaves with 0.8 M Mannitol. PM, plasma membrane. CW, cell wall. Scale bars: 10 μm in (a, c), 25 μm in (b), 50 μm in (d).