Extended Data Fig. 2: Trait correlations.

Correlations among log10-transformed ecophysiological traits plotted separately for photosynthetic pathway (C3, C4). Solid lines represent the fitted phylogenetic generalised least squares (PGLS) model and were drawn when trait correlation was significant (P < 0.05). PGLSs included one ecophysiological trait as response variable and the interaction between another ecophysiological trait and photosynthetic pathway as fixed effects. Abbreviations: Aarea, net photosynthetic rate per unit area; gwv, stomatal conductance to water vapour; [Nmass], mass-based leaf N concentration; SLA, specific leaf area; and δ13C, 13C isotopic composition.