Extended Data Table 5 Results of hypervolume analyses
- Size, uniqueness and overlap in phenotypic space between domesticates (D) and wild annual herbs (W). Phenotypic spaces were constructed for all bivariate relationships between five ecophysiological traits and for each plant type (D, W). To account for differences in sample size between the two plant types and ecophysiological differences between photosynthetic pathways (C3, C4), the number of wild species and the proportion of C4 wild species was matched to that of crops (‘n’ and ‘pct’, respectively). The phenotypic spaces of wilds were generated from 1000 randomly sampled subsets, and the mean size and mean unique fraction of each phenotypic space are presented; the standard deviation (±s.d.) is given in parentheses. Size units are the standard deviations of trait values, raised to the power of the number of dimensions (s.d.2). Uniqueness refers to the fraction that is unique for each plant type in relation to the union of both phenotypic spaces. Pairwise overlaps within the two plant types were assessed as Jaccard index, and can varied between 0 and 1, which means no overlap and full overlap, respectively. Significance is the median one-sided P value (±s.d.) based on permutation tests across all comparisons between the observed statistics and a resampled null distribution (significant values (P < 0.05) are highlighted in bold). Abbreviations: Aarea, net photosynthetic rate per unit area; gwv, stomatal conductance to water vapour; [Nmass], mass-based leaf N concentration; SLA, specific leaf area; and δ13C, 13C isotopic composition.
