Extended Data Fig. 5: Characterization of TaVRN2 expression during reproduction, seed germination and in the seedlings grown under different day lengths.

a, TaVRN2 expression is fully silenced during reproduction following vernalization. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. of three biological replicates; u.d. for undetectable. b, Seed germination and seedling establishment under continuous dark (DD), short days (SD), long days (LD) and continuous light (LL). Seeds from vernalized KN9204 plants were imbibed for 2d. Inlets indicate the first leaves emerged out of a coleoptile. Scale bars (in seed germination images), 1 cm. c, d, Diurnal and rhythmic expression patterns of TaVRN2 in the first leaves of 5-d-old seedlings grown in LDs (c) and SDs (d). Transcripts were quantified by RT-qPCR and directly normalized to TaACT. Values are means ± s.d. of three biological replicates.