Extended Data Fig. 6: TaVRN2 expression is reactivated in the sprouting of rescued winter wheat embryos.
a, Immature embryos and the sprouting of rescued embryos. Immature embryos from vernalized KN9204 were rescued on half-strength MS media under LDs. On top are immature embryos, and at bottom are sprouted embryos upon rescue. Scale bars, 1 cm. b, Analysis of embryo sprouting in the course of immature embryo rescue. c, d, Analysis of TaVRN2 re-activation during sprouting of rescued immature embryos (10-d-old immature embryos on the rescue media for 14 d). Embryo sprouting stages are shown in (c). Total RNAs were extracted from shoots, the sections above the white lines shown in (c), and TaVRN2 transcripts were quantified and normalized to TaACT. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. of three biological replicates; u.d. for undetectable. e, Analysis of TaVRN2 expression in embryo sprouting and young leaves. TaVRN2 transcripts extracted from immature embryos, shoots of sprouted rescued embryos and the third leaves of trilobate seedlings from rescued embryos, were quantified by RT-qPCR and normalized to TaACT. CK is the seedlings from normally-matured KN9204 seeds. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. of three biological replicates; u.d. for undetectable. P values are calculated using one-way ANOVA. f, Flowering time of KN9204 plants from the rescued immature embryo. Plants were not exposed to cold. Values are means ± s.d. (n = 20). P values are calculated using one-way ANOVA with log transformation of the data.
