Fig. 3: GNSR induction during bacterial colonization of leaves.

a, Induction of the GNSR genes CYP71A12 (left) and AZIL (right) (y axes) in A. thaliana Col-0 wild-type plants in response to Arthrobacter Leaf137 and Rhizobium Leaf68 in mono-association over the course of nine days (x axes), showing a gradual increase of expression. Inoculation was at 0 d at an OD₆₀₀ of 0.02. The points indicate mean log₂FCs of normalized gene expression relative to axenic control plants. The error bars indicate propagated standard error. The data are from one experiment with n = 1 replicates comprising 18 pooled plants per condition, measured in duplicate. b, Normalized abundance of Arthrobacter Leaf137 and Rhizobium Leaf68 (y axes) in planta during nine days of colonization (as in a). In each box plot, the horizontal bar indicates the median, the box edges indicate the first and third quartiles, and the whiskers indicate the smallest and largest values within 1.5× the IQR. The data are from one experiment with n = 9 plants per condition. The experiments in a,b were reproduced in an independent biological replicate, and similar values were obtained (Extended Data Fig. 5). c, Normalized abundance (y axes) of five microbiota strains (indicated above each plot) after one day of colonization as a function of inoculum density (x axes), showing titrated bacterial colonization levels. In each box plot, the horizontal bar indicates the median, the box edges indicate the first and third quartiles, and the whiskers indicate the smallest and largest values within 1.5× the IQR. The data are from one experiment with n = 7–12 plants per condition (indicated above the x axes). d, Induction of the GNSR gene CYP71A12 (y axes) after one day of colonization by five microbiota strains inoculated at different densities (x axes) (as in c), showing dose-responsive induction according to bacterial population size. The points indicate mean log₂FCs of normalized gene expression relative to axenic control plants. The error bars indicate propagated standard error. The data are from one experiment with n = 4 replicates comprising a total of 16–20 plants per condition, measured in duplicate. In c,d, the letters above the points indicate significance levels obtained from one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test.

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