Extended Data Fig. 3: Creation of barley mads31 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9.
a, Upper, the gene structure of MADS31 and the positions of two sgRNA targets (T1 and T2) for gene editing. Blue boxes are exons and white boxes are UTRs. Middle, DNA sequences of mutations in MADS31. Lower, putative amino acid sequences in mads31 mutants. Asterisks indicate a stop codon. WT, wild type. b, Mature spikes of WT and four alleles of mads31. Yellow asterisks indicate sterile spikelets. Scale bars, 2 cm. c, Seed set rate of WT and mads31 (T1 and T2 generation transgenic lines). The data are shown as mean ± s.d.; 4, 5 and 9 individual plants are used for each genotype; t-test for unpaired two-sample data, two-sided. d, Ovules from cleared pistils in WT and mads31. White dashed lines indicate embryo sacs. Scale bars, 100 μm. e, Measurement of embryo sac area from cleared pistils. The data are shown as mean ± s.d.; n = 20 replicates; t-test, two-sided. f, Pistils and anthers of WT and mads31. Left, pistils at anthesis. Middle, anthers at anthesis. Scale bars, 1 mm. Right, pollen stained by I2-KI solution. Scale bars, 100 μm.
