Extended Data Fig. 2: SKIP positively regulates acquired freezing tolerance and forms nuclear condensates in vivo.
a-c, Freezing tolerance of the skip-1, skip-1 proSKIP::SKIP-GFP and Col-0 under cold-acclimated (CA) conditions. Representative plant images of seedlings (a), survival rates (b), and ion leakage rates (c) are shown. In (b) and (c), data are means ± s.d. (n = 3 biologically independent experiments); means were compared by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. d, Subcellular localization of SKIP-GFP in the nuclei of N. benthamiana leaf cells under normal conditions. proSKIP::SKIP-GFP and pSuper::SKIP-GFP were transiently expressed in N. benthamiana leaf cells with different concentrations of Agrobacterium solution. e,f, Subcellular localization of SKIP-GFP under the indicated conditions in 7-d-old skip-1 proSKIP::SKIP-GFP seedlings. White arrows indicate representative condensates in the stele cells in the root elongation zone after cold treatment. Representative images (e), and quantification of cells with condensates (f) are shown. g,h, skip-1 proSKIP::SKIP-GFP seedlings grown at 22 °C for 7 days were treated at 4 °C for 6 h, and then shifted to 22 °C for recovery. Representative images of the stele cells in the root elongation zone (h), and quantification of cells with condensates (g) are shown. In (f) and (g), data are means ± s.d. (n = 3 root elongation zone analyzed in three independent experiments; ~30 nuclei in each root were examined). ND, not detected. Scale bars are indicated in figures.
