Fig. 5: Systemic electric signal propagation is a general feature of ETI activation.

a, White asterisks indicate wounded JISS1::LUC leaves, and the images are false-coloured by signal intensity, as indicated by individual calibration bars. Luciferase activity in severed or crushed leaves (n = 3) initiated and peaked at ~40 min and ~2 h post-wounding, respectively. b, Plant electrophysiology experimental set-up with a cartoon showing spatial sampling and colour coding of leaves for working electrodes (W). The inset illustrates electrode positioning. Ref, reference electrode. c, Leaves challenged by DCavrRpm1 but not DChrpA (red) show an initial depolarization ~2 hpi and subsequent repolarization. From 4 to 7 hpi, SISPs are propagated in the two systemic leaves (blue and green) adjacent to the DCavrRpm1-immunized leaf, with the distal leaf (black) responding later (from ~7 hpi). No SISPs are observed in the DChrpA treatments. The coi1-16 mutant shows depolarization of the DCavrRpm1-challenged leaf but no SISP initiation. d, Dex-induced avrRpm1 expression does not replicate DCavrRpm1-induced SISPs; however, infiltration of DChrpA 1 h after Dex application re-instigates SISPs. The experiments were repeated at least twice (see Extended Data Fig. 7 for further details).