Extended Data Fig. 5: Effects of biotic and climatic factors on productivity stability over time, analyzed using a non-overlapping 5-year window approach.
Effects of biotic and climatic factors on productivity stability over time, analyzed using a non-overlapping 5-year window approach (n = 160 independent sites). Four time periods were examined: D1 (2018-2022) (a), D2 (2013-2017) (b), D3 (2008-2012) (c), and D4 (2003-2007) (d). Environmental predictors comprise elevation and interannual climate variability, represented by the coefficient of variation in precipitation (Prep CV) and temperature (Temp CV). Biotic predictors include taxonomic diversity (TD), phylogenetic diversity (PD), functional diversity (FD), and community-weighted mean traits for plant height (CWM.HT) and specific leaf area (CWM.SLA). Bars display average standardized regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals, while the relative importance of each predictor is shown as the percentage of explained variance. Significance levels were determined using two-sided t-tests: ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, and ^P < 0.1. All variables were standardized (z-scores) to enable comparison of effect sizes. No adjustment for multiple comparisons was applied.
