Fig. 2: Drought stress promotes leaf-ageing transcriptional dynamics.

a, Images of 37-day-old Arabidopsis rosettes grown under well-watered conditions or subjected to drought for 9 days (leaf stage indicated; scale bar, 1 cm). b, Shoot area of rosettes grown under each treatment during the 9-day time course (bar indicates mean, ANCOVA test between conditions P = 3.4 × 10⁻³, n = 3 individual rosettes, except day 7 (well-watered) and day 2 (drought), where n = 2). c, Induction or repression of leaf-ageing-associated genes (each dot represents a gene) that were differentially expressed in response to drought stress (colour indicates cell type). d, Scaled expression of genes induced or repressed during leaf ageing in the epidermal cell type under three levels of WC within the pot used for the plant (solid line displays quadratic model fit to expression data, shaded areas indicate 99% CI). e, RD29A and FBA2 expression within the epidermis cell type (dots) under well-watered conditions and drought conditions (22–28% WC, solid line fit using quadratic model, shaded areas indicate 95% CI). f, Epidermal nuclei from well-watered or drought conditions subclustered and coloured by their respective leaf stage (red contour lines indicate equal point density; both UMAPs show 4,812 nuclei). g, Scaled expression of genes induced or repressed during leaf ageing in the mesophyll cell type under three levels of WC (solid line displays quadratic model fit to scaled average expression, shaded areas indicate 99 % CI). h, DA1 and BRI1 expression within the mesophyll cell type of leaves (dots) under well-watered and drought conditions (22–28% WC, solid line fit using quadratic model, shade areas indicate 95% CI). i, Mesophyll nuclei sourced from well-watered or drought conditions were subclustered and coloured by their respective leaf stage (red contour lines indicate equal point density; both UMAPs show 30,270 nuclei).